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Seventeen European regulator studies of contracts for difference, and the best result was 74% losing

RegulatorSample and periodLosingAverage loss
Ireland, follow-upLargest providers, 2015 to 201674%EUR 2,700
Ireland, thematicTrading in 2013 and 201475%EUR 6,900
UK, 2016 to 2017Advisory and discretionary, 12 months76%GBP 9,000
CyprusAbout 290,000 accounts, 18 providers, 201776%EUR 1,600
ItalyOne provider, 2014 to 201578%EUR 2,800
Poland177,883 accounts, 7 firms, 201779.69%PLN 12,156
UK, 20148 providers, non-advised, over a year82%GBP 2,200
Spain21 months, 2015 to 201682%EUR 4,700
NorwayAbout 1,000 clients, 6 providers, from 201482%EUR 29,000
Italy, surveyFive branches, 2016Up to 83%About EUR 7,000
FranceFour years, 2009 to 2013Over 89%EUR 10,887

Selected rows from the compilation in the European regulator's 2018 intervention decision. Each row is a different sample, period, product mix and definition: some count accounts, some clients, some active clients, and several cover a single firm. They are not comparable to each other and should never be averaged.

Seventeen European regulator studies of contracts for difference find between 74% and more than 89% of retail accounts losing money. Average losses per client run from about 1,600 euros to about 29,000. In Poland the share was between 79% and 82% in every year from 2012 to 2017.

74% to over 89%Range across seventeen regulator studies
EUR 29,000Largest average loss per client, Norway, about 1,000 clients
37%Average transaction costs relative to client equity in that study
79% to 82%Polish share of active clients losing money, 2012 to 2017

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