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Negative prices need a renewable share above half in Germany and a third in France

Renewable share bandGermany, pooledFrance, 2025Czechia, pooled
Below 30 per cent0%ej rapporteratej rapporterat
30 to 40 per cent0%21.4%19.0%
40 to 50 per cent0%37.7%57.1%
50 to 60 per centfirst non zero bandej rapporterat73.3%
80 to 90 per cent34.8%ej rapporteratej rapporterat

Share of hours with negative day ahead prices, conditioned on the hourly renewable share, from hourly data for 2015 to 2025. The paper states it runs a chi square test of independence but prints neither the statistic nor a p value, and reports no regression coefficients or standard errors. Pooled across 2015 to 2025 the French negative share only reaches about five per cent above a thirty per cent renewable share, so the 2025 figures are far above the pooled average.

Hourly data gives a clear threshold: German prices are essentially never negative below a fifty per cent renewable share, while France and Czechia cross over at about thirty. Sweden, not Germany, topped the 2025 negative price table.

34.8%German hours negative in the 80 to 90 per cent renewable band
37.7%French hours negative at 40 to 50 per cent renewables, 2025
57.1%Czech hours negative at 50 to 60 per cent renewables
about 7.7%Highest 2025 bidding zone share, southern Sweden

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