Stats › Wereldwijde markten en beurzen › Borrower limits
Twenty-one European countries cap how much a household may borrow, and no two of them cap the same thing
| Land | Loan to value | Income or service cap | Maturity | Allowance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luxembourg | 100 first time, 90 other primary, 80 other | none verified | none verified | 15 per cent of the portfolio |
| Finland | 95 per cent loan to collateral, all borrowers | none verified | none verified | none verified |
| Ireland | 90 first time, 90 second or subsequent, 70 buy to let | 4 times income first time, 3.5 times otherwise | none verified | 15, 15 and 10 per cent |
| Norway | 90 per cent | 5 times gross income | none verified | 10 per cent a quarter, 8 per cent in Oslo |
| Kroatië | 90 per cent | 45 per cent housing, 40 per cent otherwise | 30 years | 20, 20 and 10 per cent |
| Portugal | 90 own residence, 80 other | 45 per cent, cut from 50 | 40, 37 to 40 or 35 years by age | 10 per cent |
| Griekenland | 90 first time, 80 otherwise | 50 and 40 per cent | none verified | 10 per cent of the number of loans |
| Lithuania | 85 standard, up to 90 first time, 70 third or later | 50 per cent at a minimum 6 per cent rate | none verified | none verified |
| Bulgaria | 85 per cent | 50 per cent | 30 years | 5 per cent |
| Frankrijk | none verified | 35 per cent | 25 years, 27 for new build | 20 per cent of quarterly production, at least 30 per cent of it for first time buyers |
| Czech Republic | 70 per cent, investment and third property only | 7 times income, same scope | none verified | a recommendation, not a rule |
Each figure was read in the notification or national instrument named in the sources. The caps are not comparable: Finland caps loan to collateral rather than loan to value, Latvia and the Czech Republic use net income while Ireland and Norway use gross, and Greece counts its allowance by the number of loans rather than by value.
Loan to value, income multiple, debt service and maturity caps are national rather than union instruments. Across twenty-one countries where a number could be verified, loan to value caps range from 70 to 100 per cent and no comparable measurement of their effect exists.
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